ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. Results: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. Conclusion: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.
ABSTRACT
RACIONAL: Ao longo do tempo, estudou-se a escolha da colostomia perineal como a forma de se evitar a colostomia abdominal após cirurgia de amputação abdominoperineal. A colostomia perineal associada a um mecanismo frenador das fezes vem sendo estudada há vários anos com resultados satisfatórios. OBJETIVO: Investigação, em cães, da valvuloplastia cólica aplicada à amputação abdominoperineal do reto mais colostomia perineal e a discussão dos resultados obtidos na avaliação clínica e histopatológica. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: O modelo experimental desta pesquisa foi desenvolvido no cólon de cães. Foram operados 65 animais, dos quais 10 constituíram o grupo-piloto, 15 o grupo-controle e os 40 demais foram separados em três grupos. O grupo 1 para observação de 10 dias; o grupo 2 em pós-operatório de 20 dias; e o grupo 3 de 30 dias. Os cães foram submetidos a amputação abdominoperineal parcial do reto com colostomia perineal associada à seromiotomia circunferencial, extramucosa em cólon esquerdo (exceto nos dos grupos-controle). RESULTADOS: Através de acompanhamento e estudo post-mortem, foi possível verificar fezes sólidas a montante das válvulas, evidenciando-se o eficiente mecanismo frenador das mesmas. A análise histológica das válvulas mostrou neoproliferação conjuntiva com fibrose em toda a área seccionada da serosa e das camadas musculares, separando-as. Evidenciou-se um anel fibroso com diminuição do lúmen intestinal, em resposta à cicatrização da serosa e muscular invertidas pela sutura, levando à formação da "válvula artificial". O processo inflamatório fibrosante reparativo ocorreu em todas as válvulas, associado a reações do tipo corpo estranho e à estenose parcial do lúmen intestinal. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a seromiotomia circunferencial produz um anel fibroso que facilita a estase fecal em colo esquerdo.
BACKGROUND: Throughout time, perineal colostomy in abdominoperineal resection, as a way to avoid abdominal colostomy, was studied. Perineal colostomy associated with a slowing down mechanism for stool transit has been studied for many years with satisfactory results. AIM: The investigation of a colic valvoplasty in dogs which have undergone an abdominoperineal resection plus perineal colostomy, and the discussion of the results achieved in clinic and histopathologic analysis are the objective of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental model of this research studied the colon of dogs. Sixty five animals were operated and divided in five groups: 10 animals in the pilot group, 15 animals in control group and 40 animals in 3 other groups of observation with 10, 20 and 30 days of postoperative care. The dogs underwent a rectal partial abdominoperineal resection with perineal colostomy associated to a circumferential extramucosal seromiotomy of the left colon (except in the control group). RESULTS: Through postoperative and post-mortem observation it was possible to verify solid stool before the valves showing the efficiency of the mechanism in slowing it down. The histological analysis of the valves showed connective growth with fibrosis in the whole incised serous and muscular layers, separating them. A fibrous ring diminished the colon lumen in response to the artificial valve created by the scar that appeared in the inverted suture of the serous and muscular layers. The inflammatory fibrous repair process occurred in all valves, associated to foreign body type reactions and to partial stricture of the colon lumen. CONCLUSION: The circumferential seromiotomy produces a fibrous ring that provides stool retention on the descending colon.